GAO calls for hold on FY 2016 LCS funding

The GAO report, an unclassified version of a report published in July, was released as news surfaced that Secretary of Defense Ash Carter, in a Dec. 14 memo to Navy Secretary Ray Mabus, had told the Navy to reduce the planned LCS/FF shipyard procurement from 52 to 40 and to downselect to one variant by FY 2019 (see earlier story).

The GAO reiterates a number of arguments made by critics of the program. It says that the lethality and survivability of the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) remain l largely unproven, six years after delivery of the lead ships.

According to GAO, LCS was designed with reduced requirements as compared to other surface combatants, and the Navy has since lowered several survivability and lethality requirements and removed several design features—making the ship both less survivable in its expected threat environments and less lethal than initially planned. The Navy is compensating for this by redefining how it plans to operate the ships.

In 2014, the Navy conducted its first operational test of an early increment of the surface warfare mission package on a Freedom variant LCS, demonstrating that LCS could meet an interim lethality requirement. The Navy declared LCS operationally effective. However, says the GAO, the Navy’s test report stated that the ship did not meet some key requirements.

Further, the Department of Defense’s Director of Operational Test and Evaluation has stated that there is insufficient data to provide statistical confidence that LCS can meet its lethality requirements in future testing or operations, and further testing is needed to demonstrate both variants can meet requirements in varied threat environments.

The Navy also has not yet demonstrated that LCS will achieve its survivability requirements, and does not plan to complete survivability assessments until 2018—after more than 24 ships are either in the fleet or under construction, says GAO.

The Navy has identified unknowns related to the use of aluminum and the hull of the Independence variant, and plans to conduct testing in these areas in 2015 and 2016. However, the Navy does not plan to fully determine how the Independence variant will react to an underwater explosion.This variant also sustained some damage in a trial in rough sea conditions, but the Navy is still assessing the cause and severity of the damage and GAO has not been provided with a copy of the test results.Results from air defense and cyber security testing also indicate concerns, but specific details are classified.

Read the GAO report HERE

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MAN Diesel and Turbo to power giant crane ship

 

The scope of MAN Diesel & Turbo’s contract includes twelve MAN 8L51/60DF four-stroke engines and twelve MAN SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) systems.

MAN Diesel & Turbo says that the total power output of the engines is some 96 MW, meaning that this will be one of the largest engine installations ever seen aboard a commercial ship.

The vessel will be the first in its size range to feature dual-fuel technology and, on completion, will be the world’s largest vessel of its kind.

Engine delivery is scheduled for first quarter 2017 with vessel delivery due from the shipbuilder in 2018.

The highly efficient MAN Diesel & Turbo package ensures full fuel-flexibility and will meets NOx Tier III emission limits at all times – whether the vessel is within Tier III zones or not – both during operation on LNG and during operation on MGO with the help of the SCR system.

MAN Diesel & Turbo says that the engines maintain their high efficiency – including during SCR operation – through integrated and customised control strategies.

“The entire project has special requirements in all aspects – it is absolutely a customized solution and a notable feather in our cap to have been selected as propulsion-system supplier for this unique vessel,” says Lex Nijsen – Head of Four-Stroke Marine – MAN Diesel & Turbo. “This is not just the largest, dual-fuel propulsion system ever featured on a single vessel, it also ensures Tier-III compliance in all operational scenarios, whether in gas- or MGO-modes, and whether within or without NOx Tier III-controlled areas. The solution MAN Diesel & Turbo is delivering to Sembcorp Marine and Heerema is reliable, efficient, flexible and meets the highest safety and environmental standards.”

A key determinant in the choosing of the 51/60DF engine was its ability to fulfill the particularly high load-ramp requirements demanded by the NSCV’s two giant Huisman 10,000 ton cranes in both diesel and gas modes while maintaining its efficiency.

Another key characteristic of the four-stroke unit is its ability to operate at 100% MCR and above, in gas mode, and to switch smoothly and seamlessly from gas to liquid-fuel operation (and vice versa) at full load without any fluctuation in output or speed. These are all essential features to satisfy the SSCV’s vital DP-3 (dynamic positioning) station-keeping requirement.

Furthermore, with the aim of becoming the most environmentally friendly crane vessel ever built, operation will be on ultra-low sulfur fuel, a fuel type that the 51/60DF readily handles.

MAN Diesel & Turbo’s SCR system provides an integrated solution for its entire portfolio of four-stroke engines and serves as a standard solution to meet Tier III emission limits.

The MAN SCR solution is a modular system, with the built-in flexibility to adjust to the NSCV’s particular requirements such as its long exhaust-gas lines, the distance between the SCR and engine. Nor does the SCR system negatively affect load-ramp requirements. In this respect, MAN’s SCR is very much a customized solution.

With a length of 220 m and a width of 102 m, the NSCV will be the world’s largest crane vessel. Despite the vessel’s large dimensions, optimally locating the engines and SCR systems aboard proved a challenge, one which MAN Diesel & Turbo and the flexibility of the SCR system helped resolve.

The vessel features four engine rooms, each with three MAN 8L51/60DF engines. The integration of SCR and engine-control system enables the SCR to be operated at a relatively low exhaust-gas temperature, which is the basis for a high engine efficiency, and enables the SCR to be positioned further away from engines. In consequence, no compromises have to be made with the vessel layout and the SCR systems will be positioned under the ship’s funnel in a vertical arrangement, some 80 m away from the engines.

DNV GL uses drone for surveys without scaffolding

“We have been looking at ways we could help our customers by accelerating the survey process,” says Cezary Galinski, Manager of the DNV GL – Maritime classification flying squad based in Gdansk. “Camera equipped drones are now much more widely available and affordable, and by using them for a first screening we can identify areas that require closer inspection quickly and without extensive staging, which can be both costly and time-consuming.”

Using drones to visually check the condition of remote structural components has the potential to significantly reduce survey times and staging costs, while at the same time improving safety for the surveyors.

The tests used a camera-equipped drone to visually evaluate structural components through video streamed to a tablet. One surveyor operated the drone, while a second checked the video feed in real time. The stream was also recorded for review and documentation purposes.

Equipped with a powerful headlight, the drone was able to produce a video of sufficient quality for initial inspection purposes. In the event any damage is detected, a traditional close-up survey may still be required.

“We used a modified off-the-shelf drone for our tests,” says Mr. Galinski. “Because there are currently no drones formally certified as explosion-proof commercially available, we performed a risk assessment. Of course, before the drone operation started, we also ensured that the cargo tank was gas-free and certified for safe entry.”

“Our next step is to work with a more advanced tailor-made drone in early 2016,” says Mr. Galinski. “We are also developing a special guideline for performing drone-based surveys. This could open the way to remote or even autonomous inspections being carried out as part of our survey scheme in the near future.”

DNV GL has a longstanding R&D program working on developing advanced inspection technologies, including the IRIS system which can automatically associate photos onboard a ship with a 3D model of the vessel’s structure.

“Using a drone in combination with a system like IRIS could be very beneficial to our customers,” says Dr. Pierre C. Sames, Director of Group Technology and Research. “We have already demonstrated the ability to place images within a 3D model and furthermore to assess the individual findings. These are the first steps towards an automated survey process which might include using a drone to make the initial survey, taking the images generated and then running them through an algorithm to determine the hull condition.”

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